Friday, November 29, 2019

Native American Gender Roles free essay sample

Native American Gender Roles The woman was always kept busy in the camp. Responsible for making the family home, caring for that home, preparing food, making their clothing and so many other responsibilities. The woman is often referred to as a slave to her husband(Crow Dog, 2001). Whereas the man was often portrayed as sitting in the tepee, while the woman catered his every need. But, in truth, a Native Indian Man and Woman shared responsibilities equally. They shared the responsibilities of life, being partners along the same journey. The Native American woman worked as hard as her partner in the journey of life. Native Americans established their relationships from being a descendent from a common ancestor, or through a clan system. The Cheyenne Tribe also traced their ancestry through the womans linage. Moore (1996, Pg. 154) shows this when he says Such marriages, where the groom comes to live in the brides band, are called matrilocal. We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Gender Roles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Montagnais-Naskapi a hunting society, stated by Leacock(Pg. 21) had been matrilocal until the Europeans stepped in. The household either is of the nuclear type or is extended to include relatives of one or both parents (Dozier, 1971, Pg. 237). Depending on each tribes cultural orientations, the status and roles varied between men and women. Matrilneal and Matrilocal societies, women had a lot more power. Property, land, tools and housing belonged to them. Property was usually passed down from Mother to Daughter and the husband joined the womans band and family. In the Cherokee and Pueblo tribes, if a woman was unhappy with her spouse, she could simply toss his belongings from their home and that was that. Womens roles in the governing of the tribe was usually influential. The Iroquois Indians, the offices were kept within the maternal lineages. A group of matrons or the tribal matriarch nominated each delegate, briefed them and kept them up to date, so to speak, monitored them and also removed them from office, if needed. Still roles in place, the actual business of the tribe was still very much a mans affair. A Nation is not conquered until the hearts of its women are on the ground (Crow Dog, 1991). On the plains, where hunting and battles took the men away from home often, the men would return needing several days of rest and relaxation. Being exhausted from battle and fasting, they needed several days to recover. The women during this time went on with their daily activities prompting the pale faces to misinterpreted what they saw as industrious squaws and lazy braves, which was by far the case. In the South west and Southeast, men and women shared duties equally because the men didnt go out to battle like the men on the Plains did. Common Tasks Women had certain tasks that all of the tribes women were responsible for, no matter their location. The obvious, cleaning and maintaining of their home, tending to the children, gathering of plants and berries, pounding corn, cooking, making and repairing of clothing, packing and of course, unpacking. Most crafts like pottery, weaving, bead work and baskets were a womans responsibility also. On the Plains where hunting was in place, women often were responsible for the building of the homes, processing of the food, tanning of the hides and furs and most farming or food gathering which could be done. In the fishing tribes of the Northwest, the men built the house and helped with the fur and hides. But, in the Southwest the men did most of the farming, processing, house building, weaving and cloth making. In the Iroquois tribes women became a higher authority after the revolutionary war, and mens prestige went down due to losses and defeats on the battlefields, and lack of game to hunt. By the 19th century mothers played a greater role in approving partners for their kids and usually got custody in a split. Unlike earlier times where custody was always unknown if a split happened. In the Southwest tribes women were involved in tribal council meetings and usually got the final vote for whether to go to war or stay in peace. The Cherokee tribes had a woman they called the Beloved Woman in which they believed that the Great Spirit spoke through. Though he words were always heard, they werent always followed. She was still on the Council of Chiefs and had a lot of influence. She also used her status over prisoners and when she died, someone was chosen to replace her. Having just as much influence as the last Beloved Woman. The Cheyenne held women in high authority and best regards. They played a huge role in determining warfare and often fought alongside the men warriors in battle. When the warriors would return home, men and women, the women would often celebrate by dancing and flashing scalps of the fallen enemy. Roles in the Native American culture were very standard. Both men and women had their daily responsibilities and generally if one needed help, the women was the one who took on the added responsibilities. Though, all tribes had gender specific duties, some tribes gave what was generally considered a mans role, to a woman and in some tribes, men were doing what others saw as a womens role. But both men and women had tasks that were held in high authority and looked upon with best of regards. Today, we seem to want to break away from what is considered a gender role, giving equal roles to both men and women. We try to not place roles on a man because we feel it is a mans task and vice versa. We try to give equal responsibility to both sexes and generally all responsibilities are handled in the same fashion. Though, we are trending away from the typical gender roles, we still see roles being done by specific genders. Examples of this is men tend to be the bread winners and women the nurturers. Though there are exceptions to this rule, it still stands that women tend to be the nurturer and men the business. Property possession, power, inheritance and influence was generally based on whether a tribe was matrilineal (woman) or patrilineal (man). There were a ew tasks that all women and all men shared among the tribes, like women, cleaning, nurturing, gathering, cooking, packing, etc. and men, hunting, house building and battle. But, others varied by region and such variances in gender roles only show the diversity that existed among the Native Americans. References: Dozier, E. P. , (1971). The American Southwest. In Leacock, E. B. , Lurie, N. O. (Eds. ), North American India ns in Historical Perspective, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. Moore, J. H. (1996). The Cheyenne. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, Inc. Mary Crow Dog. Lakota Woman. May 2001

Monday, November 25, 2019

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma On March 7, 1965- the day now known as Bloody Sunday- a group of civil rights activists were brutally attacked by members of law enforcement during a peaceful march across Edmund Pettus Bridge. The activists were attempting to walk 50 miles from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, to protest voter suppression of African Americans. During the march, local police officers and state troopers beat them with billy clubs and threw tear gas into the crowd. The attack against these peaceful demonstrators- a group that included men, women, and children- sparked outrage and mass protests throughout the United States. Fast Facts: Bloody Sunday What Happened: Civil rights activists were beaten and tear-gassed by law enforcement during a peaceful voting rights march.Date: March 7, 1965Location: Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, Alabama How Voter Suppression Led Activists to March During Jim Crow, African Americans in Southern states faced severe voter suppression. In order to exercise their right to vote, a black person may have been required to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test; white voters didn’t face these barriers. In Selma, Alabama, the disenfranchisement of African Americans was a consistent problem. Activists involved with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee were trying to register the citys black residents to vote, but they kept running into roadblocks. When they protested the situation, they were arrested- by the thousands. Making no headway with smaller demonstrations, the activists decided to step up their efforts. In February 1965, they began a voting rights march. However, Alabama Governor George Wallace attempted to suppress the movement by prohibiting nighttime marches in Selma and elsewhere. Wallace was a politician known for being hostile to the Civil Rights Movement, but the demonstrators didn’t call off their collected action in light of his ban on nighttime marches. On February 18, 1965, a demonstration turned deadly when State Trooper James Bonard Fowler fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson, a civil rights activist and church deacon. Jackson was killed for intervening when police hit his mother. Losing Jackson was devastating, but his death didn’t stop the movement. Spurred by his killing, activists met and decided to march from Selma to Montgomery, the state capital. Their intention to reach the capitol building was a symbolic gesture, since it was where Gov. Wallace’s office was located. Jimmie Lee Jackson was killed by a state trooper during a voting rights march that inspired the demonstration that took place on Bloody Sunday.   Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Selma to Montgomery March On March 7, 1965, 600 marchers began making their way from Selma to Montgomery. John Lewis and Hosea Williams led the demonstrators during this action. They called for voting rights for African Americans, but both local policemen and state troopers attacked them on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma. The authorities used billy clubs to beat the marchers and threw tear gas into the crowd. The aggression caused the marchers to retreat. But footage of the confrontation sparked outrage across the country. Many Americans did not understand why peaceful protesters were met with such hostility from law enforcement. Two days after Bloody Sunday, mass protests unfolded across the nation in solidarity with the marchers. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. led marchers on a symbolic walk across Edmund Pettus Bridge. But the violence wasn’t over. After Pastor James Reeb arrived in Selma to accompany the marchers, a mob of white men beat him so badly that he sustained life-threatening injuries. He died two days later. Two days after the events of Bloody Sunday, other demonstrators set out to make the march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama. Bettmann/Getty Images Following Reeb’s death, the U.S. Justice Department requested an order to stop the state of Alabama from retaliating against civil rights activists for participating in demonstrations. Federal District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr. upheld the rights of the marchers â€Å"to petition ones government for the redress of grievances.† He explained that the law is clear that citizens have the right to protest, even in large groups. With federal troops standing guard, a group of 3,200 marchers began their walk from Selma to Montgomery on March 21. Four days later, they arrived at the state capitol in Montgomery where supporters had expanded the size of demonstrators to 25,000. The Impact of Bloody Sunday Footage of police attacking peaceful protesters shocked the country. But one of the protesters, John Lewis, went on to become a U.S. Congressman. Lewis is now considered a national hero. Lewis has discussed his role in the march and the attack on the protesters. His high-profile has kept the memory of that day alive. The march has also been reenacted several times. On the 50th anniversary of the incident that took place on March 7, 1965, President Barack Obama delivered an address on the Edmund Pettus Bridge about the horrors of Bloody Sunday and the courage of those brutalized: â€Å"We just need to open our eyes and ears, and hearts, to know that this nations racial history still casts its long shadow upon us. We know the march is not yet over, the race is not yet won, and that reaching that blessed destination where we are judged by the content of our character- requires admitting as much. President Barack Obama commemorates the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday in Selma. Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images President Obama also urged Congress to restore the Voting Rights Act, which first passed in 1965 in the wake of the national outrage about Bloody Sunday. But a 2013 Supreme Court decision, Shelby County vs. Holder, removed a major provision from the act. States with a history of racial discrimination related to voting no longer have to inform the federal government about changes they make to voting processes before enacting them. The 2016 election stood out as the first in 50 years without checks and balances in place to prevent discriminatory voting practices. A number of states have passed strict voter ID laws and other measures that disproportionately affect historically disenfranchised groups, like African Americans. And voter suppression has been cited for costing Stacey Abrams the Georgia gubernatorial race in 2018. Abrams would have been the first black woman governor of a U.S. state. Decades after Bloody Sunday occurred, voting rights remains a key issue in the United States. Sources â€Å"How We Can Restore the Voting Rights Act.† Brennan Center for Justice, 6 August, 2018. Taylor, Jessica. â€Å"Stacey Abrams Says She Was Almost Blocked From Voting in Georgia Election.† NPR, 20 November, 2018.Shelbayah, Slma, and Moni Basu. â€Å"Obama: Selma marchers gave courage to millions, inspired more change.† CNN, 7 March, 2015.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Critique of an Article - Organizational Development and Change Essay

Critique of an Article - Organizational Development and Change - Essay Example The change process at ABA trading company, operating in Germany have been described in three steps including change initiative, change implementation process and sustainable change process. The organization has passed through the change in strategy, organizational culture, management, and leadership and employee orientation. Before explaining the process of change, understanding why ABA Company felt the need to bring the change is important. Actually, as a strategic response to increasing competition, ABA Company decided to go international. The organization was restructured into three divisions and the administrative service was decentralized. Instead of just only restructuring, the organizational change of ABA appeared to be a complete integrated process, in which along with structural change, change in strategy, culture etc. were also introduced. Various companies think short term and ignore the link between restructuring and strategy, however, for restructuring to be successful, long-term strategy should be linked to organizational restructuring. Like various other organizations, restructuring and downsizing poses great threats for the organization because the level of trust, commitment and morale of the employees may go down. Same thing happened in this case, therefore, to reduce the negative impact of the change process; the organization felt the need to analyze the behavior and attitude of people towards this change. First it was observed that before the change process, the culture of company was paternal and supportive. The leadership was caring and highly relational psychological contracts used to exist between organization and its members. The commitment was brought by job security and lifelong employment. Bill felt the need to support the change process, instead of just informing the employees about bringing the change and for a continuous observation and evaluation of organizational members; a team of researchers was hired. The researchers of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Ethical issue raised by social network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical issue raised by social network - Essay Example They can likewise cause some moral concerns in any business. Audits are likewise territories where legit, trust, and validity can become an integral factor. Product/service surveys detail how a shopper feels around an item or administration and they can without much of a stretch have a positive and negative effect on the notoriety of a brand. Remarks are a normal online networking instrument that permits clients to impart their contemplations on sites, organizations, administrations, and items. To administer trust, genuineness and validity while utilizing social networking a few issues must be tended to. Spam, pop-ups, and other beguiling method for promoting and publicizing that ought to be stayed away from if an organization needs to remain solid, legit and reliable in the eyes of the buyer (Eid and Ward, 2009, p. 4) Privacy in social media research is a major concern to most users of social media, because what happens on social media does not necessarily stays on social media. If we consider a business environment, the privacy of clients cannot be guaranteed via social networking websites. The photographs of users, videos, personal data is all at stake of hackers hacking the accounts, or stalkers visiting the profiles. The accessibility to a person’s private life has been extremely easy because of social media. Privacy standards are highly at stake, nothing seems to be completely hidden what is so called ‘private’ in the dictionary of social media (Martin, 2010, p. 32). Even though the social networking sites provide ample settings for privacy, yet, everything is uploaded on the internet and can transfer from one website to another with just few clicks. There are also cases of misuse of account information to create framed situations which are obnoxious. "Cyber bullying" is the point at which a youngster, preteen or high school student is tormented, debilitated, irritated, embarrassed, humiliated or

Monday, November 18, 2019

Government and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Government and Politics - Essay Example But to foreigners it can also be one of the most bizarre. The election race in some countries including United Kingdom takes just a few weeks, but US presidential runners undertake a political epic, negotiating 'primaries', 'party conventions' and an 'Electoral College' system down the way (Bennett 2005, pg 270). In the UK, the party chooses a candidate, but in the US, however, supporters who declare vote for one party or another get to pick from the list of candidates (Bennett 2005, pg. 270). The candidates, campaigning in opposition to other candidates of the same party, must win enough 'state primaries' to give them the most delegates at the party convention in the summer (pg. 271). Some states, such as Iowa, use a 'caucus system' rather than primaries to select. Whereas in primaries people only indicate at the vote box which candidate they support, caucuses (the word derives from an Indian word for a gathering) are more intricate and work by selecting delegates through several stages. That intricacy was borne out of the American's supposed"forerunners'" panic of autocracy and the longing to defend the authority of individual States. There are, in general, two sorts of primaries - open and closed. ... 272). As The 'political convention' is exceptionally an American belief, one that is cracked down on the political parties that have organized Americans' preferences in ruling for almost 175 years. The interesting thing is that political conventions are not stated in its Constitution. Certainly, the forerunners of America viewed political parties with suspect or outright opposition. Yet now, they can barely imagine a government without political parties, and the parties' conventions are huge, broadcasted media events (Bennett 2005, pg. 273). Each State reaches the hall with its own delegates and placards declaring which presidential applicant it supports. Regardless of the 'lack of enthusiasm' from the founding fathers of the U.S. to accept political parties, two had rebounded in some decades of the country's beginning. These first parties were defined with a loose knot, and it's tricky to find exactly when they started. By the late nineties, however, these parties were becoming more planned and playing a larger role in American political affairs. Nowadays, presidential primaries have made the conventions pointless for practical reasons. They exist mainly as a 'selling tool' and a political 'pep rally', where each party pretends a well-choreographed show. The rival candidates square up for the presidential movement proper. Policies are polished, often to consider the supporters of the applicants who have been purged. This phase of the campaign is shorter than the plod through the State primaries. There are heavy expenses spent on TV hypes on a national scale, and there are routinely debates on TV between the applicants for Presidential elections. In the closing weeks, the candidates in general

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Personal Reflection On Community Psychiatry And Mental Healthcare Nursing Essay

Personal Reflection On Community Psychiatry And Mental Healthcare Nursing Essay As a part of my clinical SSC, I had to do visits to a variety of mental health care settings: 1 visit to River House at Bethlem Royal Hospital 1 visit to Scutari Clinic at St Thomas Hospital 1 visit Cheyne Ward at Kings College Hospital 4 visits to 190 Kennington Lane Clinic These visits broadened my knowledge about mental health care and the services provided. In each placement, I observed at least one consultation and had an opportunity of talking to a variety of health care professions about mental health care services and patient care. This reflective account discusses my experiences in the mental health care and the things that I observed. A Brief History on Psychiatry Psychiatry can be defined as the study of mental illnesses, their diagnoses, management and prevention (Oxford Medical Dictionary) and when this is carried out in the community, it is called community psychiatry. Here is a brief timeline of transformation from mental asylums to community based care: In 1601 the Poor Law was established which stated that individuals who were unable to care for themselves should be supported (History of Mental Health and Community Care- Key Dates, Mind.org.uk). In 1800s, introduction of the County Asylums 1808 allowed the asylums and psychiatric hospitals to be established, treating mentally ill patients (History of Mental Health and Community Care- Key Dates, Mind.org.uk). The number of bed allocated to patients with mental health problems was at its peak in 1954 (152,000 beds). However, with the introduction of new treatment plans, such new anti psychotic medication, rehabilitation in community, the numbers of people being admitted to psychiatric hospital reduced (ABC of Mental Health, 2nd Edition and History of Mental Health and Community Care- Key Dates, Mind.org.uk). Mental health care centres were the one of the steps taken in terms of the implementation of mental health care policies in 1980s (Sayce et al. 1990). 1990s, mental health care in the community was reformed and implemented a form of community mental health team which is a team of professions including a psychiatric, psychologist, social worker, occupational therapist and care coordinator, manage people with mental illnesses in the community settings (ABC of Mental Health,2nd Edition). Community Mental Health Team and Other Services Mental health problems are normally managed by primary health care, e.g. GPs, and referrals can be made to either community mental health teams or secondary health care if needed (ABC of Mental Health Care, 2nd Edition and Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide: Community Mental Health Teams, 2002). The majority of the patients who use the services provided by community mental health care teams have time limited problems and will be referred back to their general practices once they have made the necessary recovery (Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide: Community Mental Health Teams, 2002). Reflecting back upon a consultation that I observed at Kennington Lane Clinic, a patient was discharged from the clinic after having used the services as there was a significant improvement in her condition. One of the reasons for the referral to community mental health care team is that primary health care may not be able to offer services such as cognitive behavioural therapy or rehabilitation, required for patients with certain mental disorders, for example obsessive compulsive disorder (Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide: Community Mental Health Teams, 2002). Once the referral is done, patient is risk assessed and assigned a care coordinator, who would support, advice and have a regular contact with the patient. At Kennington Lane Clinic, the care coordinator whom I spoke with stated that when one of his patients do not attend a scheduled appointment, then he would go to visit this patient at his/her home so in other words, providing a continuity of care and support. During my time at River House, a medium secure hospital, one of the doctors that I have met articulated the fact that medium secure hospitals fill the gaps that are created by both the psychiatric units of general hospitals and the high secure hospitals. Since the patients admitted to medium secure hospital are not suitable for both: high secure hospitals may not accept these patients because they are not dangerous or insane enough and psychiatric units of general hospital may find these patients dangerous enough to refuse the admission. Therefore, medium secure hospitals are solely developed to accommodate such patients. The same principle can be applied to community mental health teams as they are thought to form a bridge between primary and secondary health care (ABC of Mental Health Care, 2nd Edition). During the transformation to community based psychiatry, it was thought that the prevalence of homicide carried out by psychiatric patients after deinstitutionalisation was going up but in fact these claims were not accurate (Fakhoury and Priebe, 2007). Deinstitutionalisation and allowing patients with psychiatric problems to be managed and cared for in the community settings intended to lessen and curtail social stigma related to patients with mental health problems, to integrate these patients into the community, and importantly to reduce and prevent long term hospital stays (Fakhoury and Priebe, 2007). So, one can conclude the fact that Community health care teams allow patients with mental disorder to stay in the community and have a life that as normal as possible. However, Fakhoury and Priebe, 2007 stated that community psychiatry has not quite achieved its goal in terms of social integration as most of the psychiatric patients in the community are unemployed, live in a sheltered accommodation or even homeless. During my time at Kennington Lane Clinic, I met a patient whom I will be naming as Mr. A due to confidentiality code. This patient looked depressed and was complaining about having nightmares, unpleasant thoughts and phobia of using public transport. He also mentioned having thoughts of self harming and suicide. On further questioning, he revealed that he did think about committing suicide by overdosing himself with his antidepressants but could not do it as he could not find a place to do it: he is unemployed, homeless and lives with his elderly parents and occasionally with his daughters both of whom are married. In terms of what observed and felt at Kennington Lane Clinic, patients whose files that read or met were either using street drugs or having housing problems compared to the patients that I saw at Scutari Clinic in St Thomas Hospital, however this may not be the case in general since I cannot generalise what I observed during my time at both places to the rest of the country. One of the main difficulties experienced by the community mental health team is that the DNA (Did Not Attend) rates are very high in comparison to out-patient clinics at hospitals. I visited Kennington Lane Clinic four times in total but managed to observe only two consultations so I had to read the patient files and talk to their care coordinator instead. At the Scutari Clinic, I noticed that almost all the patients did attend their scheduled appointment with the doctor. I could not help but ask the duty doctors about the rate of DNAs both at the community based clinics and hospital based outpatient clinic levels and the answer that I received did confirm what I observed. I believe that one of good things about community mental health teams is that they facilitate home visits which are not normally offered for the patients attending out-patient clinics. I agree with William R. Breakey, the author of Integrated mental health services: modern community psychiatry, that home visits allow clinicians to see patients in their own surroundings and to allow them plan an appropriate care plan for a particular patient. Of course, there is a variety of services dedicated to patients with mental health problems: an appropriate choice of service would be chosen for the patients best interest. Reflecting back on my time at Kennington Lane Clinic, I came across Mr Bs file from which I read his past medical history and discussed this patient with a social worker who was involved with this particular case. On discussion, I found out that he was originally referred to the clinic by his GP and treated by this clinic quite a long time but unfortunately was relapsing and not compliant with his medication. When something like this is the case, patients can be detained at hospital against their own will under the Mental Act legislation (Rethink, Factsheet, 2010). This particular patient was going to be detained under Section 2 for 28 days. In order to carry this out, the patient had to be seen by 3 professions (2 psychiatrics and 1 social worker) in the presence of police. These three professions are specialise d in mental health care that would assess the patients mental state and make a decision. In addition, during my time at Cheyne ward, I shadowed a senior registrar who was on call in AE. I managed to observe a consultation which lasted about 30 minutes. Mr C was complaining about low mood and was self-harming. Having learnt that his father had a history of long term depression and his relationship with his father is not good, he was suggested to stay in hospital in order to carry out a full mental assessment. End the end of the consultation; he was happy to go ahead with this decision. As can be seen, the main difference between these two cases (Mr B and Mr C) is the way of the admission process: one is being admitted to hospital by force and the other one is giving consent. Mr C is an example of informal patient who is admitted to hospital with his own will and not detained under the Mental Health Act legislation, whereas Mr B is sectioned under the Mental Health Act legislation and cannot have the right refuse treatment. All in all, this revolution of change from hospital based treatment to community based treatment played an important role modernising the mental health services in the UK. Community mental health care provides help and support to those with mental illnesses at the community settings and appropriate patients are referred to this service. From what I observed and read, I can confidently say that community mental health services provide a care that is continuous and offer advice.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Abortion and the Moral Decay of America Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Abortion and the Moral Decay of America    Abortion is a tough issue for our country to deal with. There are, on both sides of the argument, well-meaning and intelligent people - as well as the opposite. Despite the difficulty of this issue, it must be confronted, as it is simultaneously rooted in and influential towards the moral foundations and political ideals of America. As a concerned American and a pursuant of open-mindedness, I have reached the conclusion that abortion is a such a threat to America's public and private morals that it should be outlawed in all cases except for when the mother's physical health is seriously threatened. In order to support this conclusion, I intend to address and the pro-choice arguments as represented in the Planned Parenthood site Nine Reasons Abortion is Legal and other pro-choice Internet sites. I will refute their arguments as either misguided in their conclusions, inapplicable or insufficient to justify abortion. [Good introduction, though your paragraphing is a bit odd--why all the short paragraphs?   title of the PP site should be in quotations, both as it is given here and within parenthetical cites below. In general, it's best not to announce your intentions, but to "just do it."   Also, let me say that below I offer many points to counter your refutations--and I'm sure that has to do with the knowledge that you aren't arguing for your side of the argument. I probably wouldn't be as contentious if I thought these were your beliefs. ] One popular argument posed by choice advocates is that "legal abortion [is] critical to sustaining women's freedom" (Nine Reasons.) Outlawing abortion, the argument goes, inhibits a woman's ability to decide the paths her own life will take ... ...News On-line WHO HAS ABORTIONS. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/19PIE.HTM. Date visited: March 7, 1997.    [Your in-text citations need to match the citations in the list. For example, "Abortion as Birth Control" is given in the parenthetical cite, but it is alphabetized as Planned Parenthood. Also, webpage titles need to go in quotation marks, both in the list cited and in the parenthetical citations. You present good refutations for many of the points made by Planned Parenthood's "Nine Reasons" site. The problems involve the supposition that the abortion option is particular to our society--and it isn't. Even primitive cultures often have identified plants that act as abortifacients. Your refutation might have been more effective if you had chosen a single claim to refute instead of nine claims. Still you have made a fine effort.]      

Monday, November 11, 2019

Building construction for fire services

Steel is one of the important elements of construction industry because it is widely used in the construction of railways, roads and buildings. Steel provide numbers of advantage in the construction industry due to its special characteristics such as it is more stronger in respect to the wood, more eco-friendlily (because it is easily recyclable), not deteriorate, rot, warp, bed or twist, resistant to fire, hurricanes, tsunami and earthquakes, resistant to termites and insects, requires low weight interior walls and easily used in difficult building locations.As like other materials it has also some limitations such as it is, more expensive than wood and it requires skilled professional contractors for construction. Steel play a important role in fire fighting industry and also makes the job of fire fighter easier. Firefighter is trained person who save life, property, aid and assist during natural disaster. They used several equipments in their work for eg. Ladder trucks, pamper tru cks, fire house ad fire extinguishers which are all constructed of steel due to its light weight in handling and stronger than other metal, more durability.The well-coated steel pipes helps in continues flow of water and there by immediate control on fire. As steel provides number of advantages to fire fighters but it also creates hurdles in performing their task because it frequently react to environment and forms rust which result immediate linkage pipe and damage of pipe. Steel is very easily prone to fire because of its high melting point therefore; it is always advisable to use such material, which is in flammable to prevent smoke and damage or to limit the fire to small areas.Therefore, from above discussion, we can conclude that steel play a crucial role in the development of fire industry but it is affected by certain limitations. Therefore, it is advisable to use steel by acting appropriately then only it is most successful. The fire fighters should take appropriate steps t o successfully rescue their operation Reference: Referred to sites: 1. http://www. smart-homeowner. com/articles/9651/pros and cons of steel framing. 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Firefighter/Fire fighter dated 1st July 2007

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Crucibal GUIDE~~~~ Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

Crucibal GUIDE~~~~ Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible Crucibal GUIDE~~~~ Cast of Characters: For each of the following characters, write a brief description of them including personality traits, what their relationship is to other characters, important events they are involved in and anything else you feel is significant about them. Reverend Parris ? He is the reverend and minister of Salem. He has many enemies in the neighborhood. He knows witchcraft well. As far as personality goes, he is self-conscious of his reputation in the community. He can act distrustful towards situations or events. Betty Parris ? She is the daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris. Betty is a 10 year old little girl who dances in the woods with Tituba. Tituba- She is a slave from Barbados. She is very eccentric (her personality). She is caught dancing in the woods and accused of being a witch. Abigail Williams- Abigail is the niece of Reverend John. She used to be an employer for Mr. Proctor but Elizabeth, his wife fired her. Elizabeth found out Abigail was having an affair with John. Her personality is very intriguing because not only is she manipulative and smart, but she is a really good liar! Susanna Walcott Susanna is one of the girls under Abigail uses. She basically puts her under her spell. Susanna joins in with Abigail to accuse different villagers as witches. Mrs. Ann Putnam-She is married to Thomas Putnam, a wealthy man. Putnam gave birth to 8 kids but only one survived. The other children are speculated by Ann to have been killed supernaturally. Thomas Putnam- Thomas is very wealthy. As we know, he desires more. He uses the witch trials to get more money when he accuses people of witchcraft just to buy their land. Mary Warren- She is a servant for the Proctor?s. Mary is part of Abigail?s enchantment group. She is a shy and will go with the crowd very readily. John Proctor ? John had an affair with Abigail. His wife, Elizabeth was furious when she found out. Thou Shalt not commit adultery is the only commandment he forgets which is ironic. Rebecca Nurse- She was very godly. Her husband was Francis. Reverend Hale has doubt of the witch trials when Rebecca is accused . This is unexpected for most. Giles Corey- he is a big supporter of his wife. He tries to prove her innocent. Later he is put into jail with John Proctor. Soon, he is stoned to death. Reverend John Hale- he was a witch hunter. He was very judgmental and insistent. John was in the mid 40?s. He spends a lot of time in court. Elizabeth Proctor- She is the wife of John Proctor. She caught him cheating on her with Abigail. She keeps this affair hush-hush because she certainly does not want it getting around town. Francis Nurse- he is married to Rebecca Nurse. He fights for her innocence in court because he needs her. They own 300 acres of land together. Ezekiel Cheever- he is an official in the court who has to arrest anyone accused; This is his primary job. Marshal Herrick- he is the marshal in Massachusetts. Judge Hathorne- Hathorne is the judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Hathorne makes heavy decisions in court. Deputy Governor Danforth- he believes that he is led by God. His personality comes across as a little prideful. If one is innocent they have no worries; but if one is guiltybe afraid. He was the persecutor in the cases. Hopkins- he is the jailor Literary Examples: Describe an example in the text in which the following literary terms are demonstrated. Allegory I would say that the Crucible in itself is an allegory since it revolves around the idea of the communist witch hunt and it actually tells us the story of an actual witch hunt. Tone The tone is cynical, serious, and formal. Arthur Miller achieves this tone when he uses the mental struggles in the book. Irony John had an affair with Abigail. His wife, Elizabeth was furious when she found out. Thou Shalt not commit adultery is the only commandment he forgets which is ironic. Another thing ironic is that the girls who are actually guilty of witchcraft are accusing everyone else.. Conflict Betty, Ruth, Abigail, and other girls dance with Tituba, the Barbados servant. They go into the

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Air Pollution Essay 2 Essays

Air Pollution Essay 2 Essays Air Pollution Essay 2 Essay Air Pollution Essay 2 Essay Air Pollution is a contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or by-products that can endanger human health and the health and welfare of plants and animals, or can attack materials, reduce visibility, or produce undesirable odors. Air pollution is responsible for major health effects. Every year, the health of countless people is ruined or endangered by air pollution. Studies have shown that over 50,000 people were killed annually in the United States alone from air pollution. Air pollution has now been one of the major problems worldwide due to the increase in use of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels such as Coal causes the release of 10,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, the main cause of acid rain, which damages forests, lakes, and buildings. One of the main sources of air pollution comes from something most use each and every day, cars. Each time you start up your car, the burning of petroleum in your engine releases carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gasses. Carbon Monoxide a deadly poisonous gas, that results in death if exposed to high levels. The petroleum in your engine can also increase the number of asthma cases in the world, raises a person’s chance of having cancer, and increases the chance that your child will be born with congenital defects. The pollution from the ozone layer comes from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Because sunlight has a critical role in its formation, ozone pollution is principally a daytime problem in the summer months. Ground level ozone is produced when sunlight combines with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide, two compounds produced by cars, trucks, and found wherever gasoline, kerosene, oil or natural gas are combusted. When temperatures are high ground-level ozone reach levels that are dangerous to health. Lead is found in the air in very small particles. Lead can get into the air through soil erosion, volcanic eruptions, sea spray and bushfires. Lead smelters, mining operations, waste incinerators, battery recycling and the production of lead fishing sinkers are other sources of lead in the air. Because many older houses were painted with lead-based paint, lead from unsafe house renovations can be an important source of lead indoors and builders and renovators need to be aware of the dangers. Lead is absorbed if dust or fumes that contain lead are swallowed or breathed in. Although small amounts of lead do not cause any specific symptoms, as much as 10% of the lead that enters an adults body stays there, and so even small amounts can gradually build up in the body. Large amounts of lead in the body can cause pain in joints and muscles. Other symptoms of lead exposure include anemia, gastric problems, sleep problems, concentration problems, and high blood pressure. In children, the symptoms of lead exposure can be poor development of motor abilities and memory, reduced attention span, and colic and gastric problems. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health. Health effects range anywhere from minor irritation of eyes and the upper respiratory system to chronic respiratory disease, heart disease, lung cancer, and death. Air pollution has been shown to cause acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. It has also been shown to worsen the condition of people with preexisting heart or lung disease. Among asthmatics, air pollution has been shown to aggravate the frequency and severity of attacks. Both short-term and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. Health impact of air pollution depends on the pollutant type, its concentration in the air, length of exposure, other pollutants in the air, and individual susceptibility. Different people are affected by air pollution in different ways. Poor people, undernourished people, very young and very old, and people with preexisting respiratory disease and other ill health, are more at risk. In cities, for instance, poor tend to live and work in most heavily polluted areas, and in rural areas poor are more likely to cook with dirtier fuels. In some countries, air quality standards tend to be more lax around industrial areas in cities, where many poor tend to live in squatter settlements. Poor also tend to be more malnourished, more likely to suffer from ill health and disease, and have less access to health care. Air Pollution. 2001. 13 Nov. 2011. http://library. thinkquest. org/C0110400/usr/www/tqte ams/tqic/2001/C0 110400/4 cs%20folder/AIR%20POLLUTION. html. YourLungHealth. org The Effects of Ozone Pollution. YourLungHealth. org : We Inspire Healthy Lungs. American Association for Respiratory Care, 12 Sept. 2006. 01 Dec. 2011. . Lead in Air Pollution. The Good Air Lady. Sage Blossom Consulting, Jan. 2007. 01 Dec. 2011. .

Monday, November 4, 2019

Analysing the effect of long working hours in Hong Kong's clothing Research Paper

Analysing the effect of long working hours in Hong Kong's clothing retail industry - Research Paper Example This paper will examine the current state of the work of employees in the clothing industry and will show how this is currently affecting those who are subjected to long working hours and the inability to take off more time for family. There will also be an association with how the longer working hours change the effectiveness of the organization and the ability to create sustainable development because of individual complexities from the longer working hours. 1.1 Statement Problem and Rationale The problem with long working hours in Hong Kong is now considered at an epidemic level, specifically among the apparel industry. The demands that are a part of the competition have created the specific problems with the industry because of the amount of competition and the need to remain a priority among Western demands. This is combined with the long working hours becoming socially and culturally accepted to stimulate the economy without having political recourse or labor intensive laws tha t change the main attributes within the industry. The working hours are intertwined with the individual, family, organization and overall apparel industry, making the issue complex with finding policies and standards among a culture. The physical and mental health of employees is first affected. However, the long working hours often don’t change because the inability to produce in a highly competitive environment may become detrimental. The image, reputation and the high performance levels expected then begin to affect the company. This complexity makes it difficult to carry through with specific standards and policies that would demand ethics sand the reaction within the culture provides several problems that are a part of the long hours. The need to alter the standards and understand the detrimental effects of longer working hours is one that is intertwined with the individual outcomes, family problems and the corporate changes that don’t provide the correct affiliat ion with building into the economy with ethical considerations in mind first. Understanding how each area is affected by the longer working hours and what this leads to can then help those working in the fashion industry to begin to change ethical standards and find different alternatives to compete with human resources. 1.2 Investigative Questions The problem with the working industry is one which is defined specifically by the inability to change the needs of employees who are expected to work long hours. The investigative questions asked in this study include: 1. What are the impacts of long working hours on individuals and families in the Hong Kong clothing retail industry? 2. What are the main influences of the long working hours on organizations in the Hong Kong clothing retail industry? 3. What measures can be taken to prevent and relieve negative effects of LWH in Hong Kong clothing retail industry? 2.0 Literature Review The problem with long working hours is one that begins by impacting the individual then moves into the associations with the organization. While higher amounts of productivity are expected with longer working hours, there is also the impact that is made on the organization that

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Internation Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internation Systems - Essay Example kkel Vedby Rasmussen in the work ‘The West, civil society, and the construction of peace’ points out that: â€Å"According to the theory, democracy is the manifestation of the causes of peace only. Democratic states are the means that realize the effective cause of peace: liberal society.† (Rasmussen, 2003, p.29) DPT symbolizes democracy, which is the expression of the facts related to peace. So, the democratic states are the best example for DPT, because a democracy leads to a liberal society where peace exists. The idea that a world of democracies would be more peaceful place is so significant because almost all bloodshed related to war were not among democratic countries. As democracy leads to stable governments which represent the aspiration of the people, there is high chance for it to support further democratic thoughts. Eventually, the spread of democratic thought leads to world peace. But it is noteworthy that democracy is not a single system and there are several systems of government under democracy. The general idea is same, i.e. the government which represent the people. Democracy shows immense respect towards private property and provides legal equality among citizens. As the democratic government is elected by the people, there is less chance for unlimited government control over the mass. But the universal definition of democracy is not same and it leads to misinterpretation of the very same idea. For instance, the bourgeois republics, dictatorships etc are inferred as democracies. Due to political pressure, in some countries, people are forced to elect dictators as their leader. But, this does not prove that this particular country is democratic. So, it is important to have a universally accepted definition for democracy. From another view point, the countries with educated population show the tendency to embrace democracy because it supports the free will of the people. Besides, to create an atmosphere of world peace, it is important for the